GUIDANCE
What is a canoe session?
Canoeing is the sport or activity of paddling with a single-bladed paddle in a light, narrow boat. Canoeing is an Olympic Sport which debuted at the 1936 games. Throughout this article, we use the term 'canoe' to ...
GUIDANCE
What is aqua aerobics?
Aqua aerobics (waterobics, aquarobics, aquatic fitness, aquafitness, aquafit) is the performance of aerobic exercise in water, usually in a swimming pool.
Variations on popular land-based classes have been deve...
RESEARCH
This is a meta-analysis of 33 original studies on diving safety in open water and swimming pool settings between 1980 to date, plus several meta-analyses focused on exploring the aetiology of diving incidents. Articles are presented in ord...
RESEARCH
This meta-analysis of 26 original studies on assistive lifeguard technology (drowning detection systems) in swimming pools and beaches between 2002 and 2022. Articles are presented in order of recency.
Alqahtani, A., Alsubai, S., Sha, ...
ARTICLE
It is no surprise to many that, as an island nation, we have long recognized the lifesaving importance of children and adults being able to swim. Most can also appreciate that a person who can swim can still drown for a multitude of reasons;...
This article uses a Q&A format to answer some of the most commonly asked questions about how swimming pool drowning detection systems (DDS) work. The focus is primarily on camera-based drowning detection systems, with so...
GUIDANCE
Court judgments
Prior to 2022, the charitable website BALII was the main open-access database providing access to court and tribunal judgments in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Post-2022, the National Archives now hos...
GUIDANCE
What personal factors can affect lifeguard performance?
- Eyesight
- Hearing
- Effect of medications, drugs, alcohol
- Emotional regulation
- Interest
- Hunger and fasting
- Boredom
- Fatigue
- Experience
What organizational factors can a...
ARTICLE
Books
Meinhard, E. 2022. Drowning and accident. Why so many people drown. (1st edition, Matador).
Fletemayer, J. 2018. Principles and practices of aquatic law. (1st edition, CRC Press).
Macfarquhar, L. 2016. Strangers drowning. Imposs...
GUIDANCE
The requirement to monitor and review
The duty of employers under s.2 and s.3 of the HSWA 1974 is to "ensure" others are not exposed to risks to their health and safety so far as is reasonably practicable. It is important to keep in mind t...
